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Eleocharis vivipara is the taller variant of the well recognized Dwarf Hairgrass. This plant is really like an aquatic grass, with thin stalks growing from roots that spread horizontally by sending our runners. Due to its tall height, this plant makes a stunning background plant when grown in large clusters. High lighting and Co2 injection is not always necessary to grow hair grass but it will definitely increase the growth speed and thickness of the foreground. Simply separate larger mats into small portions and plant each an inch or so apart half way into the substrate. After several weeks, the plant will send our runners all around and a lush foreground of grass can be created.
Eleocharis vivipara (Long-hair grass) has a special place among its related species, primarily because of its method of propagation. It does not propagate by runners like Eleocharis parvula or Eleocharis acicularis. Instead, propagation is done by formation of plantlets on the surface of the leaves, in a way similar to propagation of the ferns. New plantlets don’t produce roots for a long time, thus giving the impression that the stem of Eleocharis vivipara is divided into several leaves. This feature is of particular value for aquascaping. But later, when roots are already developed and visible, the plant will no longer look nice. Therefore, Eleocharis vivipara requires a special care.
Care for Eleocharis vivipara has its features in terms of trimming and planting. The planting is difficult because the bush of Eleocharis vivipara is often made of dense cluster of its plantlets. You can press this cluster to the substrate, but in this case many of the bushes will remain unrooted. In the future, roots of these unrooted bushes will grow above the substrate becoming more and more visible. It’s better, therefore, to separate all the young bushes and plant them in the substrate so that all roots are buried in the substrate.
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Echinodorus “Amazon Sword” from tropical South America is one of the most known and popular aquarium plants. Cultivated for many years, it was first introduced under the misapplied name “Echinodorus paniculatus”, later it was called Echinodorus bleheri for a long time. Its leaves are wider (3-6 cm) than those of E. grisebachii ‘Amazonicus’ and up to 60 cm long, lending the plant a more dominant appearance. It is mostly delivered in its terrestrial form, with longer leaf stalks and shorter leaf blades (see the photo). After planting into the aquarium, it will develop much more elongate, short stalked submerged leaves.
Older rosettes with often more than 50 leaves are an impressive eyecatcher in large tanks. It is recommendable for discus and anglefish tanks. The substrate height should not be less than 10 cm for a good root development. Combined with the runner-forming chain swords (genus Helanthium), ‘Bleherae’ allows the creation of beautiful South America-themed underwater landscapes.
Echinodorus “Amazon Sword” plant , its space requirement should be considered. In medium sized tanks it gets too large soon.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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Hydrocotyle tripartita – Referred to in the hobby as Hydroctyle sp Japan, its true name is Hydrocotyle tripartita and it originates from South East Asia. The leaves are small and presents a brilliant green colour in your aquarium. It’s best to plant as a carpeting plant as it hugs the foreground and sends out runners on a daily basis. If the light is dim, you may find it stretches up the tank. Good light is needed for the plant to form a lovely carpet along the substrate. Once you’ve taken hydrocotyle tripartita from the pot, you’ll be able to split the plant into several portions and plant into the substrate with tweezers.
Hydrocotyle tripartita was made famous from frequent usage by famous aquascapers such as Takashi Amano. It is characterized by its clover-like leaves which can grow into compact bushes of green. This plant is versatile and can be used in the foreground, midground or background. It is undemanding and grows fast, often out-competing and overgrowing the tank if left untrimmed. By frequently trimming new growth and using high light with CO2, the plant can stay low growing and create a carpeting effect over the foreground.
Propagate by trimming stems and replanting on pulling apart dense clumps and splitting the roots. New shoots can be trimmed anywhere along the stem which allows the plant to grow thicker and more compact.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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Eleocharis parvula (Dwarf-hair grass) – A low-growing carpeting plant that forms runners close to the parent plant. It is prettiest planted in small bunches quite close to each other, which will gradually form a solid carpet. An ideal foreground plant, equally suited to large and small aquariums.
Eleocharis parvula (Dwarf-hair grass) is naturally found in brackish and saltwater environments across North America, Europe, much of Asia, and some parts of South America. Because of its widespread distribution, this dwarf plant does not live in highly specific habitats. However, it is commonly found growing like a carpet in areas that resemble marsh or mudflat conditions.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape
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Hygrophila polysperma from tropical Asia is one of the hardiest aquarium plants available. The shoots becomes 25-40 cm tall and 4-8 cm wide. It is particularly good for beginners because it grows in almost all conditions. It is also recommendable for initial planting of tanks because it quickly removes excess nutrients from the water and competes with algae.
The East Indian Hygrophila normally grows so fast that it is important to prevent it crowding out other plants, so the shoots must be cut regularly. As well as other stem plants, it is easily propagated by cuttings. Even detached leaves floating on the surface form small new plants.
Hygrophila polysperma is a very variable species with different leaf shape and colour, depending to some extent on the light supplied. “Standard” H. polysperma develops under water oval to lanceolate, light green to somewhat brownish leaves.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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Cryptocoryne undulatus ‘Red’ – This red version of Cryptocoryne undulata grows wild in rivers of Sri Lanka. It is an easy plant, tolerant of very different conditions in an aquarium. Appearance of the plant will partially depend on these conditions. Low levels of light and nutrients will produce a relatively tall, greenish-brown plant of slow growth. Higher levels of light and nutrition, combined with added CO2, will make the plant grow considerably faster producing shorter leaves of a reddish-brown colour.
The Undulate Crypt still grows under low light and without fertiliser, however, it does better under medium lighting and a nutrient-rich substrate. As well as many other Cryptocoryne species, this plant easily propagates by underground runners.
Cryptocoryne undulata is a versatile aquarium plant, best placed in the midground, in higher tanks also in the foreground. It forms extended stands with time, and with its narrow, dark foliage, it is especially suitable for aquascapes in the nature aquarium style.
Care Guidelines:
Temperature: 24 – 28° C
pH: 6.5 – 7.5
Lighting: Low to Moderate
Origin: Grown in nurseries, but indigenous to Sri Lanka
Aquarium Placement: Midground to Background
Care: Easy
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape
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Ludwigia repens is one of the easiest red plants to grow in the aquarium, being able to grow in even lower light conditions. It also makes an excellent candidate for moderately lit, non-CO2 aquaria. When lit well, the plant will grow at an angle over the substrate instead of straight up. To encourage red coloration, Ludwigia repens should be kept well-lit with no shading and heavy iron dosing will help produce intense colors out of this plant.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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Marsilea hirsuta is a carpet-plant from Australia. A fascinating plant, usually delivered with leaves like a four-leaf clover. After a transitional period it develops different types of leaves, possibly a low form with single leaves like a large Glossostigma, or alternatively develop two, three or four-lobed leaves varying in height ,depending on the growth conditions. Whichever form the plant adopts, it forms runners and spreads rapidly round the aquarium.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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Lilaeopsis brasiliensis can grow very densely, but it only grows like a lawn under very intensive light. When planting, make small tufts and put them into the ground with a distance of only a few centimetres, as the plants form an uninterrupted lawn more easily this way. The planted area should be without shade so the Lilaeopsis brasiliensis plants get sufficient light. Also suitable for a garden pond, and it tolerates the low salinity of a brackish water aquarium.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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Hemianthus micranthemoides – Hemianthus glomeratus is a delicate stem plant from Florida. In the hobby, it has long been known under the erroneous name H. micranthemoides (or Micranthemum micranthemoides). It was recently identified correctly in the USA. With its small, light green curved leaves it is nice for beautiful dense group plantings. Under intensive light it tends to develop a creeping growth habit and thus can be used as foreground plant for strongly-lit tanks.Hemianthus micranthemoides – However, it is better-suited for bushy groups in the middle ground of larger tanks or for the background of nano aquaria. Under strong light it can also be cultivated emerged, given that the substrate is kept moist. Then you’ll get a dense mat with very small leaves.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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Echinodorus ‘Ozelot Green’ – This well-growing swordplant cultivar has leaves with red-brown spots, as well as Echinodorus ‘Ozelot’, but differs by light to middle green basic colour, causing an especially contrasting pattern. Otherwise it is similar to the normal ‘Ozelot’: the submerged leaves are narrowly elliptic with wavy edge; the leaf rosette gets about 40-50 cm tall and 40 cm broad.
The Green Ozelot swordplant looks best as a solitary plant or small, loose group in the midground to background of bigger, at least 50 cm high aquariums. Dark green spots are a beautiful contrast on lighter green leaves. Leaf margin is fluted. Nutrient rich substrate promotes growth, fertilization beneficial. Echinodorus Ozelot Green is easy to grow and care for as it thrives in almost all tank conditions. Vigorous growth when nutritional requirements are met. Capable of submersed or emersed growth. Propagation by rhizome division of larger plants or adventitious shoots. When exposed to an extended photoperiod, 12+ hours, Ozelot swords send up adventitious shoots that will extend above water surface. If kept submerged, these shoots will produce more daughter plants. Can propagate plantlets after 5-8cm of growth, remove carefully. A Good beginners plant.
ORIGIN: CultivarMAX HEIGHT: 30cmGROWTH RATE: ModerateAREA: MidgroundLIGHT: Bright to very brightTEMP: 22-28CCO2: RecommendedPH: 5-8DIFFICULTY: EasyWATER HARDNESS: Soft to hard
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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Echinodorus ‘Ozelot Red’ – Red Flame’ is an especially decorative Echinodorus cultivar, selected by the famous breeder Hans Barth sen. (Dessau, Germany) in the 1990s. Echinodorus ‘Ozelot Red’ reaches a moderate height of about 30 cm and develops a dense rosette of many leaves. Its underwater leaves have an about 10 cm long stalk and a 20 cm long, 10 cm wide blade. Especially the younger leaves show a contrasting pattern of densely set dark-red blotches on bright brown-red to light green ground. Also on older leaves, the spot pattern is still visible. The blotch pattern is stronger and denser than in the similar Echinodorus ‘Ozelot’.
As most sword plants, this cultivar is mostly delivered by the nurseries in its terrestrial (emersed) form, with rather inconspicuous green leaves. Once planted in the aquarium, submerged leaves will appear, showing the full splendour of this plant.
As well as virtually all Echinodorus, Echinodorus ‘Ozelot Red’ grows best with abundant macro- and micronutrient supply via the substrate. Strong lighting with high red component enhances the intense coloration of the submerged foliage. The water parameters are of subordinate importance, however CO2 supply promotes the growth. Occasionally inflorescences may appear, developing adventitious plantlets.
With its bright coloration and striking pattern, Echinodorus ‘Red Flame’ is a realy eyecatcher in the aquarium. It provides a strong accent in the midground. With its relatively small size it is also suitable for the background of smaller, to about 30 cm high tanks.
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Ludwigia arcuata is one of the most delicatelooking Ludwigia species. It is widely spread in aquaristics and originates in the southeast of the USA, where it grows creeping or submersed along rivers and on the edges of ponds. It is also found in boggy areas.L arcuata is as easy as propagating any stem plant, and as this species tends to have lots of lateral shoots they just have to be cut off and re-planted. You can also take cuttings of the top shoot. Due to its delicate structure, Ludwigia arcuata ought to be planted in groups of at least 6 stems.
It needs more light to develop a red stem and red leaves, and it does best in slightly acidic soft to medium-hard water. Most decorative when planted in groups. Due to its small size Ludwigia arcuata is suitable for smaller tanks. In its emerged form it can be used as creeping terrarium plant, and if it has sufficient light it will sprout relatively large yellow flowers.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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This Hygrophila was named after the Brazilian river Araguaia in trade, however, later on it was identified as the Asian species Hygrophila lancea. Under water it grows lineal reddish-brown leaves with a lighter-coloured central vein. Its stems have a creeping growth habit, ramify well and form low bushes. It needs a good CO2 supply. Trimming the leaves maintains the bushy form. Hygrophila lancea “Araguaia” needs intensive lighting, and in contrast to most other Hygrophila species it is a rather slow grower. Usually it is sold in its emerged form and differs very much from the underwater form, which develops after it has been placed in the aquarium.
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Heteranthera zosterifolia “star grass” from South America is an especially beautiful aquarium plant. It ramifies well, which results in dense bushy plant groups after only a short time. Under strong lights Heteranthera zosterifolia “star grass” grows fast and needs frequent trimming to ensure that the lower leaves are still reached by the light. It often throws water roots on the stems. On shoots floating on the water surface, small blue flowers will grow above the waterline.
In the hobby, H. zosterifolia has been established for many years as a decorative plant for Dutch style aquaria as well as nature aquaria. Here it is used as contrasting plant in the fore-, the middle- and the background by simply cutting it to the desired height.
Known as star grass by vernacular name, this plant is a great water quality indicator. A lack of nitrogen (in the form of NO3) lets the leaves become transparent before they wilt. A lack of phosphorous (in the form of PO4) changes the plant’s bright green into a darker hue.
H. zosterifolia is a relatively undemanding plant and grows well at medium light intensities without additional CO2 fertlisation.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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Eriocaulon sp. “Vietnam” is not yet known for a long time in Europe, however it has already proved to be an easy aquarium plant – in contrast to a number of other Eriocaulon rarities in the aquarium hobby. This plant, not yet determined to species, was originally found in the Vietnamese province Thanh Hoa. It is a medium-sized, about 15-30 cm tall Eriocaulon with relatively broad, medium-green, arching leaves, resembling Eriocaulon sp. “Goias”.
This grass-like plant still grows with medium lighting and is even said to be suitable for hard water. However, a nutrient-rich substrate and a not too low CO2 concentration in the water column (at least 20 mg/l) are surely very conducive for its growth. With time, this plant forms a dense “grass tussock” with a number of leaf rosettes and can be divided into several single plants for propagation.
Eriocaulon sp. “Vietnam” can be used in aquascaping similarly to Blyxa japonica – e.g. as a meadow-like stand in the midground, linking the background with low groundcovers in the foreground, or as scattered tufts between hardscape elements. In contrast to similar rosette plants such as Sagittaria subulata or Helanthium bolivianum, it does not develop runners, making its handling easy. This undemanding Eriocaulon surely deserves a wide distribution in the aquarium hobby.
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Cryptocoryne lucens is a hardy, adaptable foreground to midground plant prized for its slender, grass-like leaves and reliable growth in a wide range of aquariums. It is an excellent choice for aquascapers looking for a neat, structured plant that stays low but offers more height and movement than smaller Cryptocoryne species.
Plant Overview
Cryptocoryne lucens forms tight clusters of narrow, elongated leaves that typically reach 5 to 15 centimetres in height. The foliage is light to medium green, giving the aquarium a fresh, natural appearance. Its growth pattern is clean and controlled, making it ideal for creating pathways, borders, and lush green patches around hardscape.
Care Requirements
This species is undemanding and adapts well to a range of setups, from low-tech to high-tech aquariums. It does best in nutrient-rich substrate and benefits from occasional root fertilisation. Moderate lighting encourages compact growth and healthy colour. Like other Cryptocoryne species, it may experience a short melting period when first introduced but stabilises quickly once settled.
Ideal Conditions
Cryptocoryne lucens thrives in temperatures between 22 and 28°C and tolerates varied water hardness with a pH range of about 6.0 to 7.5. It absorbs most nutrients through its roots, so good substrate quality plays a key role in long-term success. Planting multiple small portions a few centimetres apart allows the plant to spread evenly.
Aquascaping Use
This plant works beautifully as a transition between the foreground and midground. Its slim leaves create soft movement and contrast well with broader-leaved plants and textured hardscape. It is suitable for both minimalist and heavily planted aquascapes and provides a gentle, natural look without overwhelming the layout.
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For many years, Ammannia gracilis is known in the aquarium hobby as one of the most colourful stem plants. It is native to West Africa (Senegambia) where it occurs as swamp plant in full sun, at sandy riverbanks and in floodplains. The plant is able to grow above and under water. In its terrestrial form its leaves are inconspicuously green. However under water it develops its up to 12 cm long submerged leaves. The upper side of the leaves is brown-red, the lower side deeply violet. Ammannia gracilis looks very similar to A. crassicaulis that is rather yellowish green to reddish.
The Red Ammannia is one of the more demanding aquarium plants. It should get much light; complete macro- and micronutrient supply, also via the bottom, is important. Rather soft water is beneficial, but with CO2 addition the plant also thrives in medium hard water. It prefers higher temperatures above 24 °C and still tolerates 32 °C. Several stems of different length should be planted into the ground with some space to each other. As well as other stem plants, this Ammannia is propagated by cuttings of the stem tip and side shoots.
With its broad shoots and splendid brown-red coloration, the Red Ammannia looks best as a group in the midground of larger aquariums. It is well suited for creating “plant streets” in Dutch style tanks. Ammannia gracilis may also be interesting for open tanks because it readily grows out of the water. Strong lighting provided, one may expect its little light purple flowers.
Ammannia Gracilis is a moderately demanding plant which will not show its full potential unless its requirements are met. Lighting should be moderate. Ammannia Gracilis prefers mildly acidic, moderately soft water although it is quite adaptable to more extreme water conditions. If there is not enough iron in the water column, the foliage of this plant will become pale. This large, colorful stem plant, when under good growing conditions, grows rapidly upwards toward the water’s surface. Pruning should be done by topping and replanting the more robust top portions. Propagation should be done by removing side shoots from the main stem plant with a pair of scissors.
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This miniature version of the well known Alternanthera is characterized by compact growth and a slower growth rate. It is particularly suitable for small aquariums or as a foreground plant in larger aquascapes. By careful trimming can you create a dense, red-violet carpet approximately 5 to 10 cm high. High light intensity and addition of CO2 improves the plants growth and overall appearance.
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Ludwigia sp. ‘Rubin’ – As one of the reddest of the red plants, Ludwigia sp. ‘Rubin’ is quite an eye catcher. Even a few stems make a big impact as either a neatly maintained mid ground stand or as a group of stems protruding from behind a differently colored plant in the background. It makes a great contrast to either light or dark green plants. The Ludwigia sp. ‘Rubin’ variety is very easy to grow and has no particular demands. It grows quickly and equally well in a wide variety of conditions. Unfortunately, maintaining its deep red coloration is somewhat more of a challenge. Strong lighting with a good supply of iron go a long way towards that goal.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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This beautiful variety with the dark, hammered leaves is named after 'Tropica'. When grown in an open space the leaves will virtually lie on the bottom. It is suitable for small aquariums with leaves from 10-20 cm, and a rosette from 10-20 cm wide. Like most other Sri Lanka Cryptocorynes, it also grows well in hard water.
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ADA Tissue Culture Ludwigia repens 'Super Red' is a highly sought-after,vividly crimson aquatic stem plant. Grown in sterile, snail-free conditions, it adapts seamlessly to planted tanks and delivers dramatic mid-to-background contrast.
Care Requirements
Light: Medium to high (strong lighting encourages its deepest red coloration).
CO\({}_{2}\): Recommended for optimal, lush growth.
Fertilization: Regular iron dosing helps maintain its intense scarlet hues
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Microcarpaea minima is a small, tender wetland plant from Southeast Asia, Japan and northern Australia that is able to grow above and under water. It occurs in and by shallow, warm, periodic waters such as puddles and rice fields, also on riverbanks. It is the only species of the genus Microcarpaea and belongs to the same family as Glossostigma (Phrymaceae). It was first introduced as aquarium plant from West Kalimantan by Wim Tomey (Netherlands) and is still a rarity in the aquarium hobby. In the tissue culture line of ADA it is labeled as Microcarpaea minima Merrill; the last part is the author citation of the species name.In its terrestrial form this plantlet forms low cushions with 3-5 cm long, narrow leaves and small, pale purple flowers on thin stems. The submerged stems grow rather upright, much branched and a little chaotic in all directions, with up to 20 mm long and 1-2 mm wide leaves.
This plant is not too difficult to grow but benefits much from rather strong lighting, soft to medium hard water and CO2 addition. It is considered as thermophilic, so the temperature should be well above 20 °C. The planting of the tender stems may be a little fiddly and is best done with tweezers. The growing, spreading bushes can be kept low by trimming.
Microcarpaea minima may be still little known to aquascapers. It looks decorative as a low, light green bush or small carpet in the foreground or midground and fits well into small tanks. With its narrow, almost needle-like leaves it contrasts from many other foreground plants. Its cushion-like terrestrial form may also be interesting for emersed setups where one may expect its tiny flowers and fruit capsules.
