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A very striking and unusual plant is Aponogeton madagascariensis. As its name suggests, it comes from the island of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. The grid-like appearance of the leaves is unique and a real eye-catcher. However, the species is quite demanding in care, even for the plant connoisseur. A stronger water movement and cooler water are an advantage. Regular resting periods with low temperatures and less lighting must be observed in order to enjoy this beauty permanently.
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This Congolese water fern grows in habitats like those where Anubias are found. Its powerful rhizome covers stones and roots like a carpet along the banks of rivers and streams. Submersed fronds are dark green, transparent, and incredibly ornamental. Avoid strong light for this plant since it prefers shade. It also prefers fairly strong water movement, e.g., near a filter. A good CO2 supply will ensure lush growth. We highly recommend binding these plants to wood and roots.
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Until recently, this very vigorous plant was known under the name ‘Wavy Leaf‘. Their botanical assignment to the species ‚pygmaea‘ was made through extensive investigation of this interesting genus. Its variety name refers to its place of origin in the Sintang region. Bucephalandra are rheophytes - that means they grow on rocks near streams and cascades. Therefore, they should be attached ideally to root wood or stones in the aquarium. Its elongated, dark green leaves have a beautifully wavy edge. Bucephalandra pygmaea ´Bukit Kelam´ is recommended particularly for Nano Cubes and Scaper’s Tanks.
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A currently rather rare plant is Bucephalandra sp. 'Red Scorpio'. The name refers to the red coloration of the rhizome. With good lighting and adequate nutrients, the coloration is more distinct. Other characteristics include beautiful wavy leaf edges and dark olive green leaf coloration. The top of the leaf is also covered with tiny silvery dots, which further enhances the appearance. Like all Bucephalandra species, 'Red Scorpio' grows ideally on wood and stones. For aquascaping this beauty from Borneo is highly recommended, especially with delicate root compositions.
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This beautiful variety with the dark, hammered leaves is named after 'Tropica'. When grown in an open space the leaves will virtually lie on the bottom. It is suitable for small aquariums with leaves from 10-20 cm, and a rosette from 10-20 cm wide. Like most other Sri Lanka Cryptocorynes, it also grows well in hard water.
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Echinodorus “Amazon Sword” from tropical South America is one of the most known and popular aquarium plants. Cultivated for many years, it was first introduced under the misapplied name “Echinodorus paniculatus”, later it was called Echinodorus bleheri for a long time. Its leaves are wider (3-6 cm) than those of E. grisebachii ‘Amazonicus’ and up to 60 cm long, lending the plant a more dominant appearance. It is mostly delivered in its terrestrial form, with longer leaf stalks and shorter leaf blades (see the photo). After planting into the aquarium, it will develop much more elongate, short stalked submerged leaves.
Older rosettes with often more than 50 leaves are an impressive eyecatcher in large tanks. It is recommendable for discus and anglefish tanks. The substrate height should not be less than 10 cm for a good root development. Combined with the runner-forming chain swords (genus Helanthium), ‘Bleherae’ allows the creation of beautiful South America-themed underwater landscapes.
Echinodorus “Amazon Sword” plant , its space requirement should be considered. In medium sized tanks it gets too large soon.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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Ludwigia sp. ‘Rubin’ – As one of the reddest of the red plants, Ludwigia sp. ‘Rubin’ is quite an eye catcher. Even a few stems make a big impact as either a neatly maintained mid ground stand or as a group of stems protruding from behind a differently colored plant in the background. It makes a great contrast to either light or dark green plants. The Ludwigia sp. ‘Rubin’ variety is very easy to grow and has no particular demands. It grows quickly and equally well in a wide variety of conditions. Unfortunately, maintaining its deep red coloration is somewhat more of a challenge. Strong lighting with a good supply of iron go a long way towards that goal.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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A new Alternanthera variant, also labeled as Alternanthera reineckii Rosanervig. This colourful, well-growing plant is characterised by its vivid pink leaves with lighter-coloured leaf veins. Under water, it has a relatively compact growth habit, comparable with Alternanthera reineckii ‘Mini’, and it is great as colourful accent in the middle ground or in the foreground, given that it is trimmed regularly. Like most Alternanthera variants, Alternanthera reineckii Rosanervig prefers good light and an abundant nutrient supply as well as additional CO2 injection for good growth and intensive colours.
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This miniature version of the well known Alternanthera is characterized by compact growth and a slower growth rate. It is particularly suitable for small aquariums or as a foreground plant in larger aquascapes. By careful trimming can you create a dense, red-violet carpet approximately 5 to 10 cm high. High light intensity and addition of CO2 improves the plants growth and overall appearance.
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For many years, Ammannia gracilis is known in the aquarium hobby as one of the most colourful stem plants. It is native to West Africa (Senegambia) where it occurs as swamp plant in full sun, at sandy riverbanks and in floodplains. The plant is able to grow above and under water. In its terrestrial form its leaves are inconspicuously green. However under water it develops its up to 12 cm long submerged leaves. The upper side of the leaves is brown-red, the lower side deeply violet. Ammannia gracilis looks very similar to A. crassicaulis that is rather yellowish green to reddish.
The Red Ammannia is one of the more demanding aquarium plants. It should get much light; complete macro- and micronutrient supply, also via the bottom, is important. Rather soft water is beneficial, but with CO2 addition the plant also thrives in medium hard water. It prefers higher temperatures above 24 °C and still tolerates 32 °C. Several stems of different length should be planted into the ground with some space to each other. As well as other stem plants, this Ammannia is propagated by cuttings of the stem tip and side shoots.
With its broad shoots and splendid brown-red coloration, the Red Ammannia looks best as a group in the midground of larger aquariums. It is well suited for creating “plant streets” in Dutch style tanks. Ammannia gracilis may also be interesting for open tanks because it readily grows out of the water. Strong lighting provided, one may expect its little light purple flowers.
Ammannia Gracilis is a moderately demanding plant which will not show its full potential unless its requirements are met. Lighting should be moderate. Ammannia Gracilis prefers mildly acidic, moderately soft water although it is quite adaptable to more extreme water conditions. If there is not enough iron in the water column, the foliage of this plant will become pale. This large, colorful stem plant, when under good growing conditions, grows rapidly upwards toward the water’s surface. Pruning should be done by topping and replanting the more robust top portions. Propagation should be done by removing side shoots from the main stem plant with a pair of scissors.
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Cryptocoryne Axelrodi is relatively easy to maintain and it is a slow-growing plant. This is a narrow leaf crypt which is quite hardy with almost all water types and is greenish-brown in colour.
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Cryptocoryne lucens is a hardy, adaptable foreground to midground plant prized for its slender, grass-like leaves and reliable growth in a wide range of aquariums. It is an excellent choice for aquascapers looking for a neat, structured plant that stays low but offers more height and movement than smaller Cryptocoryne species.
Plant Overview
Cryptocoryne lucens forms tight clusters of narrow, elongated leaves that typically reach 5 to 15 centimetres in height. The foliage is light to medium green, giving the aquarium a fresh, natural appearance. Its growth pattern is clean and controlled, making it ideal for creating pathways, borders, and lush green patches around hardscape.
Care Requirements
This species is undemanding and adapts well to a range of setups, from low-tech to high-tech aquariums. It does best in nutrient-rich substrate and benefits from occasional root fertilisation. Moderate lighting encourages compact growth and healthy colour. Like other Cryptocoryne species, it may experience a short melting period when first introduced but stabilises quickly once settled.
Ideal Conditions
Cryptocoryne lucens thrives in temperatures between 22 and 28°C and tolerates varied water hardness with a pH range of about 6.0 to 7.5. It absorbs most nutrients through its roots, so good substrate quality plays a key role in long-term success. Planting multiple small portions a few centimetres apart allows the plant to spread evenly.
Aquascaping Use
This plant works beautifully as a transition between the foreground and midground. Its slim leaves create soft movement and contrast well with broader-leaved plants and textured hardscape. It is suitable for both minimalist and heavily planted aquascapes and provides a gentle, natural look without overwhelming the layout.
Cryptocoryne parva is the smallest species in the Cryptocoryne family and a favourite choice for low-growing foreground plantings. Known for its narrow, grass-like leaves and slow, compact growth, it creates a subtle, natural foreground that blends beautifully into planted aquariums without overpowering the aquascape.
Its hardy nature and tolerance for a wide range of conditions make Cryptocoryne parva ideal for aquascapers who prefer a clean, low-maintenance layout with a natural look.
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Cryptocoryne undulatus ‘Red’ – This red version of Cryptocoryne undulata grows wild in rivers of Sri Lanka. It is an easy plant, tolerant of very different conditions in an aquarium. Appearance of the plant will partially depend on these conditions. Low levels of light and nutrients will produce a relatively tall, greenish-brown plant of slow growth. Higher levels of light and nutrition, combined with added CO2, will make the plant grow considerably faster producing shorter leaves of a reddish-brown colour.
The Undulate Crypt still grows under low light and without fertiliser, however, it does better under medium lighting and a nutrient-rich substrate. As well as many other Cryptocoryne species, this plant easily propagates by underground runners.
Cryptocoryne undulata is a versatile aquarium plant, best placed in the midground, in higher tanks also in the foreground. It forms extended stands with time, and with its narrow, dark foliage, it is especially suitable for aquascapes in the nature aquarium style.
Care Guidelines:
Temperature: 24 – 28° C
pH: 6.5 – 7.5
Lighting: Low to Moderate
Origin: Grown in nurseries, but indigenous to Sri Lanka
Aquarium Placement: Midground to Background
Care: Easy
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape
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Cryptocoryne wendtii is one of the most popular, and widely available aquatic plants in the aquascaping hobby. It has several color variations, and it can be found in green, red and brown colors. The size and texture of the leaves can vary greatly. This plant was originally native to Sri Lanka. It is commonly found in streams and rivers throughout Sri Lanka, and it tends to grow in shaded areas.
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Echinodorus ‘Ozelot Red’ – Red Flame’ is an especially decorative Echinodorus cultivar, selected by the famous breeder Hans Barth sen. (Dessau, Germany) in the 1990s. Echinodorus ‘Ozelot Red’ reaches a moderate height of about 30 cm and develops a dense rosette of many leaves. Its underwater leaves have an about 10 cm long stalk and a 20 cm long, 10 cm wide blade. Especially the younger leaves show a contrasting pattern of densely set dark-red blotches on bright brown-red to light green ground. Also on older leaves, the spot pattern is still visible. The blotch pattern is stronger and denser than in the similar Echinodorus ‘Ozelot’.
As most sword plants, this cultivar is mostly delivered by the nurseries in its terrestrial (emersed) form, with rather inconspicuous green leaves. Once planted in the aquarium, submerged leaves will appear, showing the full splendour of this plant.
As well as virtually all Echinodorus, Echinodorus ‘Ozelot Red’ grows best with abundant macro- and micronutrient supply via the substrate. Strong lighting with high red component enhances the intense coloration of the submerged foliage. The water parameters are of subordinate importance, however CO2 supply promotes the growth. Occasionally inflorescences may appear, developing adventitious plantlets.
With its bright coloration and striking pattern, Echinodorus ‘Red Flame’ is a realy eyecatcher in the aquarium. It provides a strong accent in the midground. With its relatively small size it is also suitable for the background of smaller, to about 30 cm high tanks.
Echinodorus tenellus “Sharp Leaf” – is a carpeting grass that is, in many ways, similar to Eleocharis parvula (otherwise known as ‘hairgrass’), but has slightly larger, coarser leaves which have an almost feather like appearance. As a result of that difference, it has a coarser, thicker appearance in the aquarium which creates a more rugged, wild atmosphere that can be very appealing and a little bit different.
In addition to using it as a carpeting plant in medium to large aquariums, it can be used to great effect in nano aquariums too. In nano tanks it works well as a background plant where the foreground is covered largely by carpeting plants like Eleocharis parvula or Micranthemum ‘monte carlo’.
Echinodorus tenellus “Sharp Leaf” grows by sending out runners, making it a perfect carpeting plant which can form a very dense carpet. It is a fast growing plant that can achieve great results in a relatively short period of time.
Eleocharis tenellus will form a much better carpet if CO2 is used in the aquarium and adequate lighting is also important. If algae develops on the plant, simply prune it by cutting off the affected leaves and removing them from the aquarium.
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Echinodorus ‘Ozelot Green’ – This well-growing swordplant cultivar has leaves with red-brown spots, as well as Echinodorus ‘Ozelot’, but differs by light to middle green basic colour, causing an especially contrasting pattern. Otherwise it is similar to the normal ‘Ozelot’: the submerged leaves are narrowly elliptic with wavy edge; the leaf rosette gets about 40-50 cm tall and 40 cm broad.
The Green Ozelot swordplant looks best as a solitary plant or small, loose group in the midground to background of bigger, at least 50 cm high aquariums. Dark green spots are a beautiful contrast on lighter green leaves. Leaf margin is fluted. Nutrient rich substrate promotes growth, fertilization beneficial. Echinodorus Ozelot Green is easy to grow and care for as it thrives in almost all tank conditions. Vigorous growth when nutritional requirements are met. Capable of submersed or emersed growth. Propagation by rhizome division of larger plants or adventitious shoots. When exposed to an extended photoperiod, 12+ hours, Ozelot swords send up adventitious shoots that will extend above water surface. If kept submerged, these shoots will produce more daughter plants. Can propagate plantlets after 5-8cm of growth, remove carefully. A Good beginners plant.
ORIGIN: CultivarMAX HEIGHT: 30cmGROWTH RATE: ModerateAREA: MidgroundLIGHT: Bright to very brightTEMP: 22-28CCO2: RecommendedPH: 5-8DIFFICULTY: EasyWATER HARDNESS: Soft to hard
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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Eleocharis parvula (Dwarf-hair grass) – A low-growing carpeting plant that forms runners close to the parent plant. It is prettiest planted in small bunches quite close to each other, which will gradually form a solid carpet. An ideal foreground plant, equally suited to large and small aquariums.
Eleocharis parvula (Dwarf-hair grass) is naturally found in brackish and saltwater environments across North America, Europe, much of Asia, and some parts of South America. Because of its widespread distribution, this dwarf plant does not live in highly specific habitats. However, it is commonly found growing like a carpet in areas that resemble marsh or mudflat conditions.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape
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Eleocharis vivipara is the taller variant of the well recognized Dwarf Hairgrass. This plant is really like an aquatic grass, with thin stalks growing from roots that spread horizontally by sending our runners. Due to its tall height, this plant makes a stunning background plant when grown in large clusters. High lighting and Co2 injection is not always necessary to grow hair grass but it will definitely increase the growth speed and thickness of the foreground. Simply separate larger mats into small portions and plant each an inch or so apart half way into the substrate. After several weeks, the plant will send our runners all around and a lush foreground of grass can be created.
Eleocharis vivipara (Long-hair grass) has a special place among its related species, primarily because of its method of propagation. It does not propagate by runners like Eleocharis parvula or Eleocharis acicularis. Instead, propagation is done by formation of plantlets on the surface of the leaves, in a way similar to propagation of the ferns. New plantlets don’t produce roots for a long time, thus giving the impression that the stem of Eleocharis vivipara is divided into several leaves. This feature is of particular value for aquascaping. But later, when roots are already developed and visible, the plant will no longer look nice. Therefore, Eleocharis vivipara requires a special care.
Care for Eleocharis vivipara has its features in terms of trimming and planting. The planting is difficult because the bush of Eleocharis vivipara is often made of dense cluster of its plantlets. You can press this cluster to the substrate, but in this case many of the bushes will remain unrooted. In the future, roots of these unrooted bushes will grow above the substrate becoming more and more visible. It’s better, therefore, to separate all the young bushes and plant them in the substrate so that all roots are buried in the substrate.
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Eriocaulon sp. “Vietnam” is not yet known for a long time in Europe, however it has already proved to be an easy aquarium plant – in contrast to a number of other Eriocaulon rarities in the aquarium hobby. This plant, not yet determined to species, was originally found in the Vietnamese province Thanh Hoa. It is a medium-sized, about 15-30 cm tall Eriocaulon with relatively broad, medium-green, arching leaves, resembling Eriocaulon sp. “Goias”.
This grass-like plant still grows with medium lighting and is even said to be suitable for hard water. However, a nutrient-rich substrate and a not too low CO2 concentration in the water column (at least 20 mg/l) are surely very conducive for its growth. With time, this plant forms a dense “grass tussock” with a number of leaf rosettes and can be divided into several single plants for propagation.
Eriocaulon sp. “Vietnam” can be used in aquascaping similarly to Blyxa japonica – e.g. as a meadow-like stand in the midground, linking the background with low groundcovers in the foreground, or as scattered tufts between hardscape elements. In contrast to similar rosette plants such as Sagittaria subulata or Helanthium bolivianum, it does not develop runners, making its handling easy. This undemanding Eriocaulon surely deserves a wide distribution in the aquarium hobby.
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Glossostigma elatinoides “Glosso” from New Zealand is one of the smallest aquarium plants (2-3 cm tall), and thus a good foreground plant. A difficult plant demanding a lot of light. Grows upwards if light is poor. Make sure larger plants do not overshadow it. When planting Glossostigma elatinoides “Glosso” in the aquarium small clumps should be placed at intervals of a few centimeters to help the plants grow together more quickly. CO2 addition and soft water promote growth significantly.
This plant should be used as a foreground plant, and only placed where there is plenty of light. When the light is not strong enough, or the plant is shaded by other plants and decor, glosso will grow vertically, becoming spindly and unattractive. For this reason, take care when placing glosso to ensure it is not shaded from the light source.
Another important factor in placing glosso is its need for a nutrient-rich substrate; iron is particularly important for this plant to thrive. Some successful growers and breeders have recommended Flora-base as a good substrate medium. ADA Aqua Soil and Power Sand are also recommended substrates. ADA Iron Bottom is an excellent iron supplement for any substrate you might choose, and the substrate should not be too coarse.
When initially purchased, glosso is potted. Remove it from the potting material, then separate it out into individual plants by snipping them apart so that each is a single set of leaves with one root. Individual plants should be spaced about 1 cm apart in areas where they will receive full light.
Using tweezers, place each tiny shoot deeply in the substrate taking care that no part of the root is exposed. The leaves should be just barely visible and lay right on the substrate. Some bury the entire plant, then gently wipe away enough of the substrate to just expose the leaves. It is said that it’s impossible to plant glosso too deep.
CareLight is the key to success with glosso, as well as a nutrient-rich substrate and the use of carbon dioxide (CO2). Without additional CO2, algae can become a competing problem, and growth will be much slower. The CO2 should be at a level of 20–30 mg/L at a minimum. The water should be soft with a slightly acidic pH.
Lighting should be at least 3 to 4 watts per gallon to ensure proper horizontal growth. If plants begin growing vertically it is an indication of too little light. Leaves turning darker generally are an indication of too little iron. Yellow leaves are also a sign of too little nutrition. Thin, slender leaves will occur when too much CO2 is present.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
Hemianthus callitrichoides “HC” is one of the world’s smallest aquarium plants. It was originally imported by Holger Windelov, who found it in a riverbed on Cuba, to the west of Havana. Its delicate stems with the tiny roundish to ovoid leaves have a creeping growth habit. When planted in small tufts at a distance of a few centimetres, the plant will soon spread and form an uninterrupted carpet. Hemianthus callitrichoides “HC” is an attractive foreground plant for small as well as large tanks.
Because of the small scale of this aquarium plant (standing at just 3-5cm tall and 10cm across) the HC Cuba makes for the perfect plant in nano aquariums, or within any type of layout where you need to achieve an idea of scale. It can create some particularly effective designs when used in an aquarium that is to house small fish and/or shrimp and produces a steady pearling as it photosynthesizes.
The “HC” can also produce wonderful results when used within a traditional Iwagumi layout (e.g. a layout where stones serve as both the focal point and only hardscape); find out more about Iwagumi Layouts in our introductory guide.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
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Hemianthus micranthemoides – Hemianthus glomeratus is a delicate stem plant from Florida. In the hobby, it has long been known under the erroneous name H. micranthemoides (or Micranthemum micranthemoides). It was recently identified correctly in the USA. With its small, light green curved leaves it is nice for beautiful dense group plantings. Under intensive light it tends to develop a creeping growth habit and thus can be used as foreground plant for strongly-lit tanks.Hemianthus micranthemoides – However, it is better-suited for bushy groups in the middle ground of larger tanks or for the background of nano aquaria. Under strong light it can also be cultivated emerged, given that the substrate is kept moist. Then you’ll get a dense mat with very small leaves.
Just like fish, living plants do best when they are kept in an aquarium that best suits their needs. Selecting live plants that share common water conditions will minimize problems and make it easier for you to maintain and keep your aquarium in tip top shape.
